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14th chunk of `doc/src/sgml/glossary.sgml`
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 <glossterm>Logger (process)</glossterm>
   <glossdef>
    <para>
     An <glossterm linkend="glossary-auxiliary-proc">auxiliary process</glossterm>
     which, if enabled, writes information about database events into the current
     <glossterm linkend="glossary-log-file">log file</glossterm>.
     When reaching certain time- or
     volume-dependent criteria, a new log file is created.
     Also called <firstterm>syslogger</firstterm>.
    </para>
    <para>
     For more information, see
     <xref linkend="runtime-config-logging"/>.
    </para>
   </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry id="glossary-logical-replication-cluster">
   <glossterm>Logical replication cluster</glossterm>
   <glossdef>
    <para>
     A set of publisher and subscriber instances with the publisher instance
     replicating changes to the subscriber instance.
    </para>
   </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry id="glossary-log-record">
   <glossterm>Log record</glossterm>
    <glossdef>
     <para>
      Archaic term for a <glossterm linkend="glossary-wal-record">WAL record</glossterm>.
     </para>
    </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry id="glossary-log-sequence-number">
   <glossterm>Log sequence number</glossterm>
   <acronym>LSN</acronym>
   <glossdef>
    <para>
     Byte offset into the <glossterm linkend="glossary-wal">WAL</glossterm>,
     increasing monotonically with each new <glossterm
     linkend="glossary-wal-record">WAL record</glossterm>.
    </para>
    <para>
     For more information, see <link
     linkend="datatype-pg-lsn"><type>pg_lsn</type></link> and <xref
     linkend="wal-internals"/>.
    </para>
   </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry>
   <glossterm>LSN</glossterm>
   <glosssee otherterm="glossary-log-sequence-number"/>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry>
   <glossterm>Master (server)</glossterm>
   <glosssee otherterm="glossary-primary-server" />
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry id="glossary-materialized">
   <glossterm>Materialized</glossterm>
   <glossdef>
    <para>
     The property that some information has been pre-computed and stored
     for later use, rather than computing it on-the-fly.
    </para>
    <para>
     This term is used in
     <glossterm linkend="glossary-materialized-view">materialized view</glossterm>,
     to mean that the data derived from the view's query is stored on
     disk separately from the sources of that data.
    </para>
    <para>
     This term is also used to refer to some multi-step queries to mean that
     the data resulting from executing a given step is stored in memory
     (with the possibility of spilling to disk), so that it can be read multiple
     times by another step.
    </para>
   </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry id="glossary-materialized-view">
   <glossterm>Materialized view (relation)</glossterm>
   <glossdef>
    <para>
     A <glossterm linkend="glossary-relation">relation</glossterm> that is
     defined by a <command>SELECT</command> statement
     (just like a <glossterm linkend="glossary-view">view</glossterm>),
     but stores data in the same way that a
     <glossterm linkend="glossary-table">table</glossterm> does. It cannot be
     modified via <command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>,
     <command>DELETE</command>, or <command>MERGE</command> operations.
    </para>
    <para>
     For more information, see
     <xref linkend="sql-creatematerializedview"/>.
    </para>
   </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

  <glossentry id="glossary-merge">
   <glossterm>Merge</glossterm>
   <glossdef>
    <para>
     An <acronym>SQL</acronym> command used to conditionally add, modify,
     or remove <glossterm linkend="glossary-tuple">rows</glossterm>
     in a given <glossterm linkend="glossary-table">table</glossterm>,
     using data from a source
     <glossterm linkend="glossary-relation">relation</glossterm>.
    </para>
    <para>
     For more information, see
     <xref linkend="sql-merge"/>.
    </para>
   </glossdef>
  </glossentry>

Title: Database Logging and Related Concepts
Summary
This section focuses on database logging and related concepts in PostgreSQL. It describes the Logger process, also known as syslogger, as an auxiliary process that writes database events to log files. The concept of a Logical replication cluster is introduced as a set of publisher and subscriber instances for replicating changes. The text also explains Log records, now considered an archaic term for WAL records, and Log Sequence Numbers (LSN) which are byte offsets in the WAL. Additionally, it touches on the concept of materialization in the context of views and query execution, and briefly mentions the MERGE SQL command for conditional data manipulation. These concepts are crucial for understanding PostgreSQL's logging, replication, and data management features.