<varlistentry id="app-psql-option-expanded">
      <term><option>-x</option></term>
      <term><option>--expanded</option></term>
      <listitem>
      <para>
      Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to
      <command>\x</command> or <command>\pset expanded</command>.
      </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry id="app-psql-option-no-psqlrc">
      <term><option>-X</option></term>
      <term><option>--no-psqlrc</option></term>
      <listitem>
      <para>
      Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide
      <filename>psqlrc</filename> file nor the user's
      <filename>~/.psqlrc</filename> file).
      </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry id="app-psql-option-field-separator-zero">
      <term><option>-z</option></term>
      <term><option>--field-separator-zero</option></term>
      <listitem>
      <para>
      Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte.  This is
      equivalent to <command>\pset fieldsep_zero</command>.
      </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry id="app-psql-option-record-separator-zero">
      <term><option>-0</option></term>
      <term><option>--record-separator-zero</option></term>
      <listitem>
      <para>
      Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte.  This is
      useful for interfacing, for example, with <literal>xargs -0</literal>.
      This is equivalent to <command>\pset recordsep_zero</command>.
      </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry id="app-psql-option-single-transaction">
      <term><option>-1</option></term>
      <term><option>--single-transaction</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        This option can only be used in combination with one or more
        <option>-c</option> and/or <option>-f</option> options.  It causes
        <application>psql</application> to issue a <command>BEGIN</command> command
        before the first such option and a <command>COMMIT</command> command after
        the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single
        transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable
        <varname>ON_ERROR_STOP</varname> was set, a
        <command>ROLLBACK</command> command is sent instead. This ensures that
        either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are
        applied.
       </para>

       <para>
        If the commands themselves
        contain <command>BEGIN</command>, <command>COMMIT</command>,
        or <command>ROLLBACK</command>, this option will not have the desired
        effects.  Also, if an individual command cannot be executed inside a
        transaction block, specifying this option will cause the whole
        transaction to fail.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry id="app-psql-option-help">
      <term><option>-?</option></term>
      <term><option>--help[=<replaceable class="parameter">topic</replaceable>]</option></term>
      <listitem>
      <para>
      Show help about <application>psql</application> and exit. The optional
      <replaceable class="parameter">topic</replaceable> parameter (defaulting
      to <literal>options</literal>) selects which part of <application>psql</application> is
      explained: <literal>commands</literal> describes <application>psql</application>'s
      backslash commands; <literal>options</literal> describes the command-line
      options that can be passed to <application>psql</application>;
      and <literal>variables</literal> shows help about <application>psql</application> configuration
      variables.
      </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

  </variablelist>
 </refsect1>


 <refsect1>
  <title>Exit Status</title>

  <para>
   <application>psql</application> returns 0 to the shell if it
   finished normally, 1 if a fatal error of its own occurs (e.g., out of memory,
   file not found), 2 if