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64th chunk of `runtime/doc/syntax.txt`
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 $VIMRUNTIME/colors/README.txt

:hi[ghlight]		List all the current highlight groups that have
			attributes set.

:hi[ghlight] {group-name}
			List one highlight group.

						*highlight-clear* *:hi-clear*
:hi[ghlight] clear	Reset all highlighting to the defaults.  Removes all
			highlighting for groups added by the user.
			Uses the current value of 'background' to decide which
			default colors to use.
			If there was a default link, restore it. |:hi-link|

:hi[ghlight] clear {group-name}
:hi[ghlight] {group-name} NONE
			Disable the highlighting for one highlight group.  It
			is _not_ set back to the default colors.

:hi[ghlight] [default] {group-name} {key}={arg} ..
			Add a highlight group, or change the highlighting for
			an existing group.
			See |highlight-args| for the {key}={arg} arguments.
			See |:highlight-default| for the optional [default]
			argument.

Normally a highlight group is added once when starting up.  This sets the
default values for the highlighting.  After that, you can use additional
highlight commands to change the arguments that you want to set to non-default
values.  The value "NONE" can be used to switch the value off or go back to
the default value.

A simple way to change colors is with the |:colorscheme| command.  This loads
a file with ":highlight" commands such as this: >

   :hi Comment	gui=bold

Note that all settings that are not included remain the same, only the
specified field is used, and settings are merged with previous ones.  So, the
result is like this single command has been used: >
   :hi Comment	ctermfg=Cyan guifg=#80a0ff gui=bold
<
							*:highlight-verbose*
When listing a highlight group and 'verbose' is non-zero, the listing will
also tell where it was last set.  Example: >
	:verbose hi Comment
<	Comment        xxx ctermfg=4 guifg=Blue ~
	   Last set from /home/mool/vim/vim7/runtime/syntax/syncolor.vim ~

When ":hi clear" is used then the script where this command is used will be
mentioned for the default values. See |:verbose-cmd| for more information.

					*highlight-args* *E416* *E417* *E423*
There are two types of UIs for highlighting:
cterm	terminal UI (|TUI|)
gui	GUI or RGB-capable TUI ('termguicolors')

For each type the highlighting can be given.  This makes it possible to use
the same syntax file on all UIs.

1. TUI highlight arguments

					*bold* *underline* *undercurl*
					*underdouble* *underdotted*
					*underdashed* *inverse* *italic*
					*standout* *strikethrough* *altfont*
					*nocombine*
cterm={attr-list}			*attr-list* *highlight-cterm* *E418*
	attr-list is a comma-separated list (without spaces) of the
	following items (in any order):
		bold
		underline
		undercurl	curly underline
		underdouble	double underline
		underdotted	dotted underline
		underdashed	dashed underline
		strikethrough
		reverse
		inverse		same as reverse
		italic
		standout
		altfont
		nocombine	override attributes instead of combining them
		NONE		no attributes used (used to reset it)

	Note that "bold" can be used here and by using a bold font.  They
	have the same effect.
	"undercurl", "underdouble", "underdotted", and "underdashed" fall back
	to "underline" in a terminal that does not support them. The color is
	set using |guisp|.

start={term-list}				*highlight-start* *E422*
stop={term-list}				*term-list* *highlight-stop*
	These lists of terminal codes can be used to get
	non-standard attributes on a terminal.

	The escape sequence specified with the "start" argument
	is written before the characters in the highlighted
	area.  It can be anything that you want to send to the
	terminal to highlight this area.  The escape sequence
	specified with the "stop" argument is written after the
	highlighted area.  This should undo the "start" argument.
	Otherwise the screen will look messed up.

        {term-list} is a string with escape sequences. This is any string of
        characters, except that it can't start with "t_" and blanks are not
        allowed.  The <> notation is

Title: Vim Highlight Command Details: Arguments and Usage
Summary
This section delves into the intricacies of the Vim `:highlight` command. It covers listing, clearing, and adding highlight groups, and further elaborates on modifying highlighting attributes after the initial setup, including using 'NONE' to revert to default values. It discusses how the `:colorscheme` command uses ":highlight" commands to set colors. The section explains terminal UI (TUI) and GUI highlighting arguments (cterm and gui), listing attributes like bold, underline, inverse, and colors. It describes start and stop arguments, which provide terminal codes for custom highlighting. It also covers cterm highlighting arguments, including attributes like bold, underline, italic, and colors, and how to use terminal-specific escape sequences with 'start' and 'stop' arguments.