location. Otherwise show entries according to the other given options. At the end, write the cursor of the last entry to FILE. Use this option
to continually read the journal by sequentially calling journalctl.
-b [[ID][±offset]|all], --boot[=[ID][±offset]|all]
Show messages from a specific boot. This will add a match for "_BOOT_ID=".
The argument may be empty, in which case logs for the current boot will be shown.
If the boot ID is omitted, a positive offset will look up the boots starting from the beginning of the journal, and an equal-or-less-than zero offset will look up boots starting from the end of the journal. Thus,
1 means the first boot found in the journal in chronological order, 2 the second and so on; while -0 is the last boot, -1 the boot before last, and so on. An empty offset is equivalent to specifying -0, except
when the current boot is not the last boot (e.g. because --directory was specified to look at logs from a different machine).
If the 32-character ID is specified, it may optionally be followed by offset which identifies the boot relative to the one given by boot ID. Negative values mean earlier boots and positive values mean later boots.
If offset is not specified, a value of zero is assumed, and the logs for the boot given by ID are shown.
The special argument all can be used to negate the effect of an earlier use of -b.
-u, --unit=UNIT|PATTERN
Show messages for the specified systemd unit UNIT (such as a service unit), or for any of the units matched by PATTERN. If a pattern is specified, a list of unit names found in the journal is compared with the
specified pattern and all that match are used. For each unit name, a match is added for messages from the unit ("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=UNIT"), along with additional matches for messages from systemd and messages about
coredumps for the specified unit. A match is also added for "_SYSTEMD_SLICE=UNIT", such that if the provided UNIT is a systemd.slice(5) unit, all logs of children of the slice will be shown.
With --user, all --unit arguments will be converted to match user messages as if specified with --user-unit.
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
--user-unit=
Show messages for the specified user session unit. This will add a match for messages from the unit ("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=" and "_UID=") and additional matches for messages from session systemd and messages about
coredumps for the specified unit. A match is also added for "_SYSTEMD_USER_SLICE=UNIT", such that if the provided UNIT is a systemd.slice(5) unit, all logs of children of the unit will be shown.
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-t, --identifier=SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER
Show messages for the specified syslog identifier SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER.
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-p, --priority=
Filter output by message priorities or priority ranges. Takes either a single numeric or textual log level (i.e. between 0/"emerg" and 7/"debug"), or a range of numeric/text log levels in the form FROM..TO. The
log levels are the usual syslog log levels as documented in syslog(3), i.e. "emerg" (0), "alert" (1), "crit" (2), "err" (3), "warning" (4), "notice" (5), "info" (6), "debug" (7). If a single log level is
specified, all messages with this log level or a lower (hence more important) log level are shown. If a range is specified, all messages within the range are shown, including both the start and the end value of
the range. This will add "PRIORITY=" matches for the specified priorities.
--facility=
Filter output by syslog facility. Takes a comma-separated list of numbers or facility names. The names are the usual syslog facilities as documented in syslog(3). --facility=help