list of jobs enqueued at start-up), dump it and exit — without actually executing any of the determined jobs. This option is useful for debugging only. Note
that during regular service manager start-up additional units not shown by this operation may be started, because hardware, socket, bus or other kinds of activation might add additional jobs as the transaction is
executed. Use --system to request the initial transaction of the system service manager (this is also the implied default), combine with --user to request the initial transaction of the per-user service manager
instead.
--system, --user
When used in conjunction with --test, selects whether to calculate the initial transaction for the system instance or for a per-user instance. These options have no effect when invoked without --test, as during
regular (i.e. non---test) invocations the service manager will automatically detect whether it shall operate in system or per-user mode, by checking whether the PID it is run as is 1 or not. Note that it is not
supported booting and maintaining a system with the service manager running in --system mode but with a PID other than 1.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
Options that duplicate kernel command line settings
Those options correspond directly to options listed above in "Kernel Command Line". Both forms may be used equivalently for the system manager, but it is recommended to use the forms listed above in this context,
because they are properly namespaced. When an option is specified both on the kernel command line and as a normal command line argument, the latter has higher precedence.
When systemd is used as a user manager, the kernel command line is ignored and only the options described below are understood. Nevertheless, systemd is usually started in this mode through the user@.service(5)
service, which is shared between all users. It may be more convenient to use configuration files to modify settings (see systemd‐user.conf(5)), or environment variables. See the "Environment" section above for a
discussion of how the environment block is set.
--unit=
Set default unit to activate on startup. If not specified, defaults to default.target. See systemd.unit= above.
--dump-core
Enable core dumping on crash. This switch has no effect when running as user instance. Same as systemd.dump_core= above.
--crash-vt=VT
Switch to a specific virtual console (VT) on crash. This switch has no effect when running as user instance. Same as systemd.crash_chvt= above (but not the different spelling!).
--crash-shell
Run a shell on crash. This switch has no effect when running as user instance. See systemd.crash_shell= above.
--crash-reboot
Automatically reboot the system on crash. This switch has no effect when running as user instance. See systemd.crash_reboot above.
--confirm-spawn
Ask for confirmation when spawning processes. This switch has no effect when run as user instance. See systemd.confirm_spawn above.
--show-status
Show terse unit