colors, respectively. This can be specified to override the automatic decision based on $TERM and what the console is connected to.
$SYSTEMD_URLIFY
The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable links should be generated in the output for terminal emulators supporting this. This can be specified to override the decision that systemd makes based on
$TERM and other conditions.
EXAMPLES
Without arguments, all collected logs are shown unfiltered:
journalctl
With one match specified, all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:
journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service
journalctl _SYSTEMD_CGROUP=/user.slice/user-42.slice/session-c1.scope
If two different fields are matched, only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:
journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097
If two matches refer to the same field, all entries matching either expression are shown:
journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service
If the separator "+" is used, two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The following will show all messages from the Avahi service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages from the D-Bus service (from any
of its processes):
journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service
To show all fields emitted by a unit and about the unit, option -u/--unit= should be used. journalctl -u name expands to a complex filter similar to
_SYSTEMD_UNIT=name.service
+ UNIT=name.service _PID=1
+ OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT=name.service _UID=0
+ COREDUMP_UNIT=name.service _UID=0 MESSAGE_ID=fc2e22bc6ee647b6b90729ab34a250b1
(see systemd.journal‐fields(7) for an explanation of those patterns).
Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:
journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon
Show all kernel logs from previous boot:
journalctl -k -b -1
Show a live log display from a system service apache.service:
journalctl -f -u apache
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemd‐cat(1), systemd‐journald.service(8), systemctl(1), coredumpctl(1), systemd.journal‐fields(7), journald.conf(5), systemd.time(7), systemd‐journal‐remote.service(8), systemd‐journal‐upload.service(8)
NOTES
1. Discoverable Partitions Specification
https://uapi‐group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification
2. Journal Export Format
https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_EXPORT_FORMATS#journal‐export‐format
3. Journal JSON Format
https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_EXPORT_FORMATS#journal‐json‐format
4. Server‐Sent Events
https://developer.mozilla.org/en‐US/docs/Server‐sent_events/Using_server‐sent_events
5. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Text Sequences
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7464
6. Message Catalog Developer Documentation
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog
systemd 253 JOURNALCTL(1)